Biological and cultural history of domesticated dogs in the Americas

Domestication had a dramatic influence on the cultural evolution of human histories, and biological domesticated species. Domestic dogs occurred earlier in Americas than other animals. Older records continent come from North America, dated 11 000-8400 years BP, Andes 5600-5000 BP. In order to present an overview human-dog interaction Americas, identify gaps knowledge this subject, we reviewed 178 publications zooarchaeological record burials, genetics, morphology, ethnological information American dogs, revisiting history interactions across continent. There is no evidence situ dog initial domestication. Pre-Columbian diversity America includes at least three varieties, whereas South six varieties were documented. Historical descriptions phenotypes (e.g., humped dog) may represent expression associated with mutations. We find that archaeological, historical, ethnographic reveal non-traditional uses hybridizations canids. For example, Coast Salish people exploited woolly for manufacturing blankets. Dog acquisition by some Amazonian cultures began towards end nineteenth century. Overall more 41 breeds originated are currently recognized kennel clubs. The main gap points relationships between breeds, local hybridizations, migratory routes following Indigenous peoples' social networks, historical-cultural contexts, quantification morphological diversity. Central have been intensively studied those Amazon regions or Patagonia. domestication far simple integrative studies needed.